Dogs were domesticated from wolves. As early as the hunting and gathering era, people had domesticated dogs as assistants during hunting. Therefore, dogs can be considered as the earliest domesticated livestock by humans. Dog bones have been discovered at sites such as Cishan in Wu'an, Hebei, Peiligang in Xinzheng, Henan, and Hemudu in Yuyao, Zhejiang, proving the long history of their domestication. The dog shaped stag unearthed from Sanlihe, Jiaoxian County, Shandong Province, has a vivid and realistic shape, which allows us to see the morphological characteristics of household dogs in the Neolithic Age. The dog bones unearthed from the Banpo site in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province have a smaller skull, protruding frontal bones, small flesh cracks and teeth, and a curved horizontal edge of the mandible, which is very different from that of the North China wolf, indicating that the history of human domestication of dogs is indeed very early.


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